Iyini i-RFID?

I-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification) iwuhlobo lokuxhumana okungenantambo oluhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-electromagnetic coupling noma i-electrostatic coupling engxenyeni yefrikhwensi yomsakazo we-spectrum kagesi ukuze kukhonjwe ngokukhethekile into, isilwane, noma umuntu.I-RFID isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza. , nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezifaka ama-microchip ezilwane, i-automotive microchip anti-theft, isilawuli sokufinyelela, isilawuli sendawo yokupaka, ulayini wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo, nokuphathwa kwezinto.

Isebenza kanjani?

Uhlelo lwe-RFID ikakhulukazi lwakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: omaka be-elekthronikhi, izimpondo kanye nezifundi.

Amathegi we-elekthronikhi: owaziwa nangokuthi ama-transponder, atholakala entweni ekhonjiwe, inkampani yedatha kusistimu ye-RFID, egcina ulwazi lokuhlonza oluhlukile lwento.

I-Antenna: Isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali omsakazo, ukuxhuma umfundi nomaka, ukubona ukudluliswa kwedatha okungenantambo.

Umfundi: Isetshenziselwa ukufunda idatha kuthegi futhi iyithumele kusistimu yokucubungula idatha ukuze iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa.

 

Inqubo yokusebenza yobuchwepheshe be-RFID cishe kanjena:

Inqubo yokuhlonza: Uma into enethegi ye-elekthronikhi ingena ebangeni lokuhlonza lomfundi, umfundi udlulisa isignali yomsakazo ukuze enze ithegi ye-elekthronikhi isebenze.

Ukudluliswa kwedatha: Ngemva kokuthi ithegi ye-elekthronikhi ithole isignali, ithumela idatha egciniwe emuva kumfundi ngothi.

Ukucubungula idatha: Ngemva kokuba umfundi ethole idatha, iyayicubungula ngokusebenzisa i-middleware, futhi ekugcineni idlulisele idatha ecutshunguliwe kukhompyutha noma olunye uhlelo lokucubungula idatha.

 

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-RFID?

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification) bungahlukaniswa kusukela kubukhulu obuningi, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa imodi yokuphakela amandla, imvamisa yokusebenza, imodi yokuxhumana kanye nohlobo lwe-tag chip. .

Ukuhlukaniswa ngemodi yokuphakelwa kwamandla:

Isistimu esebenzayo: Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lunamandla akhelwe ngaphakathi futhi lungabonakala kude. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezidinga ukufunda ibanga elide.

I-Passive system

Isistimu esebenza kancane: Ukuhlanganisa izici zezinhlelo ezisebenzayo nezingenzi lutho, abanye omaka banenani elincane lokunikezwa kwamandla akhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yokusebenza noma ukuthuthukisa amandla esignali.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngemvamisa yokusebenza:

Uhlelo lwe-Low frequency (LF): Ukusebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi ephansi, elungele ukuhlonza ibanga eliseduze, izindleko eziphansi, ezifanele ukulandelela izilwane, njll.

Uhlelo lwe-High frequency (HF): Ukusebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu, elungele ukuhlonza ibanga eliphakathi, evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukufinyelela.

Uhlelo lwe-Ultra-high frequency (UHF): Ukusebenza kubhendi yefrikhwensi ephezulu kakhulu, elungele ukuhlonza amabanga amade, evame ukusetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwempahla nokuphathwa kwe-supply chain.

Uhlelo lweMicrowave (uW): Isebenza kubhendi ye-microwave, ilungele ukuhlonza ibanga elide kakhulu, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu, njll.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela yokuxhumana:

Uhlelo lwe-half-duplex: Zombili izinhlangothi ekuxhumaneni zingathumela futhi zamukele amasignali ngokushintshana, zilungele izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinamavolumu amancane wedatha.

Uhlelo lwe-Full-duplex: Zombili izinhlangothi kwezokuxhumana zingathumela futhi zamukele amasiginali ngesikhathi esisodwa, zilungele izimo zohlelo ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa nge-tag chip:

Ithegi yokufunda kuphela (R/O): Ulwazi olugciniwe lungafundwa kuphela, hhayi ukubhalwa.

Ithegi ye-Read-write (R/W): Ulwazi lungafundwa futhi lubhalwe, lufanele izimo ezidinga ukubuyekezwa kwedatha njalo.

Ithegi ye-WORM (ukubhala isikhathi esisodwa): Ulwazi alukwazi ukushintshwa ngemva kokuba lubhaliwe, lufanele izimo ezidinga ukuvikeleka okuphezulu.

Kafushane, ukuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID kusekelwe kumazinga ahlukene kanye nezidingo, okuhlanganisa izilinganiso eziningi kusukela ezindleleni zokuphakela amandla kuya ezindleleni zokuxhumana ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezihlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.

RFID Izicelo kanye namacala

I-RFID ihlehlela emuva kuma-1940s; nokho, yayisetshenziswa kaningi ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Isikhathi eside, izindleko eziphezulu zamathegi nabafundi benqabela ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwezohwebo. Njengoba izindleko zehardware zehlile, ukutholwa kwe-RFID nakho kunyukile.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwezicelo ze-RFID kufaka phakathi:

 

Ukuphathwa kwempahla

Ukuphathwa kwe-Warehouse kuyindawo eyinhloko yesicelo yobuchwepheshe be-RFID. Amathegi e-elektroniki e-RFID angaxazulula ngempumelelo inkinga yokuphathwa kolwazi lwempahla endaweni yokugcina impahla, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi aqonde indawo nesimo sokugcinwa kwempahla ngesikhathi sangempela. Lobu buchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-warehousing kanye nokukhiqiza okuqondisayo. Izikhondlakhondla zezitolo zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-Walmart kanye ne-Metro yaseJalimane zamukele ubuchwepheshe be-RFID ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlonzwa komkhiqizo, ukulwa nobugebengu, i-inventory yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawulwa kokuphelelwa yisikhathi komkhiqizo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwesixhumanisi sokuhamba.

I-Anti-mgunyathi kanye nokulandeleka

I-Anti-mgunyathi kanye nokulandeleka kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe be-RFID emikhakheni eminingi. Umkhiqizo ngamunye ufakwe ithegi ye-electronic ye-RFID ehlukile, erekhoda lonke ulwazi mayelana nomkhiqizo kusukela kumkhiqizi womthombo kuya endaweni yokuthengisa. Uma lolu lwazi luskenwa, irekhodi lomlando womkhiqizo elinemininingwane liyakhiqizwa. Le ndlela ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ekulweni nokukhwabanisa kwezinto ezibalulekile njengogwayi, utshwala, nemithi, kanye nokunqanda ukwenziwa komgunyathi kwamathikithi. Ngobuchwepheshe be-RFID, ubuqiniso bomkhiqizo bungaqinisekiswa futhi umthombo wawo ungalandelelwa, unikeze abathengi namabhizinisi ukwethenjwa okuphezulu nokungafihli lutho.

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhlakaniphile

Ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha okukhaliphile, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunikeza ukugcinwa kolwazi ngendlela ephumelelayo nenembile kanye nezindlela zokuhlola zokuqapha kwezokwelashwa. Emnyangweni ophuthumayo, ngenxa yenani elikhulu leziguli, indlela yendabuko yokubhalisa ngesandla ayisebenzi kahle futhi inephutha. Kuze kube manje, isiguli ngasinye sinikezwa ithegi ye-wristband ye-RFID, futhi abasebenzi bezokwelapha badinga kuphela ukuskena ukuze bathole ulwazi lwesiguli ngokushesha, baqinisekise ukuthi umsebenzi ophuthumayo wenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ugwema izingozi zezokwelapha ezibangelwa ukufakwa kolwazi olungalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID buye busetshenziselwa ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulandela umkhondo wemishini yezokwelapha nezidakamizwa, kuthuthukiswe ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha nokuphepha.

Ukulawula ukufinyelela nokuba khona

Ukulawula ukufinyelela nokuba khona kuyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe be-RFID ekuphathweni kwabasebenzi. Amakhadi okulawula ukufinyelela kanye nezinhlelo zekhadi elilodwa zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumakhampasi, amabhizinisi nezinye izindawo, futhi imisebenzi eminingi efana nokuqinisekisa ubuwena, ukukhokha nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha kutholwa ngekhadi elilodwa. Lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokwenza lula izinqubo zokungena nokuphuma futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, kodwa futhi lunikeza ngokuyimpumelelo ukuvikeleka kokuphepha. Uma umuntu egqoke ikhadi lefrikhwensi yomsakazo elipakishwe elilingana nekhadi likamazisi futhi kukhona umfundi emnyango nalapho ophumayo, ubunikazi balowo muntu bungabonakala ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho bengena futhi bephuma, futhi i-alamu izocushwa ngokungena ngokungemthetho. . Ezindaweni lapho izinga lokuvikeleka liphezulu, ezinye izindlela zokuhlonza zingahlanganiswa, njengezigxivizo zeminwe, izigxivizo zesundu noma izici zobuso ezigcinwe emakhadini efrikhwensi yomsakazo.

Ukuphathwa kwempahla engashintshi

Ukuphathwa kwempahla engashintshi kuwuhlelo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe be-RFID emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwempahla. Abaphathi bempahla bangakwazi ukwenza i-inventory yempahla ngokunamathela noma ngokulungisa amathegi e-RFID kagesi ezimpahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, besebenzisa uhlelo lwe-RFID lokuphathwa kwempahla engashintshi, abalawuli bangakwazi ukuphatha izimpahla ezingashintshi ngokufanayo, okuhlanganisa nokubeka izikhumbuzi zolwazi zokuhlola okuhleliwe nokuchithwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo luphinde lusekele ukugunyazwa kokutholwa kwempahla kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha kanye nokunemba.

Ukuphathwa kwelabhulali ehlakaniphile

Ukuphathwa komtapo wezincwadi okuhlakaniphile kuwuhlelo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe be-RFID emkhakheni womtapo wolwazi. Ngokushumeka amathegi e-RFID ezincwadini, imitapo yolwazi ingathola ukubolekwa kwebhuku okuzenzakalelayo, ukubuyisela, ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokuphathwa kokulwa nobugebengu. Le ndlela ayigwemi nje kuphela ukudinwa kwe-inventory eyenziwa ngesandla futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha, kodwa futhi ivumela abafundi ukuba baqedele ukuboleka incwadi nokubuyisela ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi elula, ithuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungathola kalula ulwazi lwencwadi, ukuze kungabikho isidingo sokuhambisa izincwadi lapho kuhlelwa izincwadi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi kuncishiswe amaphutha omsebenzi.

Ukuphathwa kokuthengisa okuhlakaniphile

Ukuphathwa kokuthengisa okuhlakaniphile kuwuhlelo olubalulekile lobuchwepheshe be-RFID embonini yokudayisa. Ngokunamathisela amathegi e-RFID ezimpahleni, imboni yokudayisa ingafinyelela ukuphathwa okuhle kanye nokuqapha kwempahla, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende. Isibonelo, izitolo zezingubo zingasebenzisa omaka be-RFID ukusiza amakhasimende akhokhele kusengaphambili, ukugwema ukumosha abasebenzi nezindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitolo zingaphinda ziqaphe ukuthengisa ngesikhathi sangempela, zenze umsebenzi ophumelelayo wokulandelela nowokulungisa ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuthengisa, futhi zibone izibalo zedatha yokuthengisa yesikhathi sangempela, ukugcwalisa kanye nemisebenzi emelene nokwebiwa kwempahla.

Isistimu yokuqapha i-athikili ye-elekthronikhi

I-Electronic article surveillance system (EAS) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvikela izimpahla ukuthi zingantshontshwa. Uhlelo luncike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza i-radio frequency identification (RFID). Amakhadi efrikhwensi yomsakazo ngokuvamile anememori engu-1-bit, okungukuthi, izifunda ezimbili zokuvula noma zokuvala. Uma ikhadi lefrikhwensi yomsakazo lenziwe lasebenza futhi lisondela kusithwebuli ekuphumeni kwesitolo, uhlelo luzoyibona bese lucupha i-alamu. Ukuze uvimbele ama-alamu angamanga, lapho kuthengwa izimpahla, umthengisi uzosebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile noma izinkundla kazibuthe ukuze acime ikhadi lefrikhwensi yomsakazo noma acekele phansi izici zalo zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunobuchwepheshe obuningi bezinhlelo ze-EAS, okuhlanganisa i-microwave, insimu kazibuthe, i-acoustic magnetism kanye nefrikhwensi yomsakazo.

Ukulandelela izilwane ezifuywayo

Ukulandelela izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nemfuyo kungenye yezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe be-RFID. Abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo abaningi basebenzisa omaka be-RFID ukuze balandelele izilwane ezifuywayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi azilahleki noma zebiwe. Lawa mathegi anganamathiselwa kumakholomu ezilwane ezifuywayo noma kwamanye amadivaysi ukuze abanikazi bakwazi ukubona indawo yesilwane esifuywayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesifundi se-RFID.

Ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile. Ingakwazi ukubona ukuqinisekiswa okuzenzakalelayo nokulandelelwa kwezimoto, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwethrafikhi yomgwaqo. Isibonelo, ngokuxhumana okunikelwe ebangeni elifushane phakathi kwethegi ye-elekthronikhi esebhodini efakwe kuwindshield yemoto kanye ne-antenna yefrikhwensi yomsakazo wesiteshi se-toll, imoto ingakhokha i-toll ngaphandle kokuma lapho idlula emgwaqeni nasebhulohweni lokukhokhela izimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungaphinda busetshenziswe ekuqoqweni kwedatha, amakhadi webhasi, ukuhlonza indawo yokupaka, ukushaja, ukuphathwa kwamatekisi, ukuphathwa kwehabhu lamabhasi, ukuhlonza isitimela sikaloliwe, ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yendiza, ukuhlonza ithikithi labagibeli kanye nokulandelwa kwephasela lemithwalo.

Ezezimoto

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi emkhakheni wezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukulwa nobugebengu, ukubeka indawo kanye nokhiye bemoto. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungasetshenziswa ukulandelela nokuphatha izingxenye zezimoto futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Mayelana nokulwa nobugebengu, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID buhlanganiswe nokhiye wemoto, futhi ubunikazi bokhiye buqinisekiswa ngumfundi/umbhali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi injini yemoto izoqala kuphela uma isignali ethile yamukelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RFID ingaphinda isetshenziselwe ukubeka imoto nokulandelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuhlela imoto. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukuphepha kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kwezimoto, kodwa futhi zikhuthaza ukusungulwa kanye nentuthuko embonini yezimoto.

Ukuphathwa kwezempi/ukuvikela

Ukuphathwa kwezempi/ukuvikela kuyinkambu ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID. Ezindaweni zamasosha, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID busetshenziselwa ukuhlonza nokulandelela izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nabasebenzi, njengezinhlamvu, izibhamu, izinto zokwakha, abasebenzi namaloli. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngendlela yobuchwepheshe enembile, esheshayo, ephephile futhi elawulekayo yokuphathwa kwezempi/ukuvikela, iqinisekisa ukulandelela okunamandla kwesikhathi sangempela kwemithi yezempi ebalulekile, izibhamu, izinhlamvu noma izimoto zempi.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Logistics kanye ne-supply chain

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID budlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni nasekuphathweni kwe-supply chain. Isebenzisa omaka be-RFID noma ama-chips endaweni yezokuthutha kanye nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuze kuzuzwe ukulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kwezinto, okuhlanganisa ulwazi olufana nendawo, ubuningi nesimo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise izinqubo zezokuthutha kanye nokunciphisa imisebenzi eyenziwa mathupha. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungakwazi futhi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubalwa kwempahla kanye nokuphathwa kokusabalalisa, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza obala. Lobu buchwepheshe abuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kokuphathwa kwe-supply chain, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko namazinga amaphutha.

Ukuphathwa komkhiqizo oqashisayo

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wokuphathwa komkhiqizo oqashisayo. Uma amathegi e-elekthronikhi eshumekwe emikhiqizweni eqashisayo, ulwazi lomkhiqizo lungatholwa kalula, ukuze kungabikho isidingo sokuhambisa izinto ezibonakalayo lapho uhlunga noma ubala imikhiqizo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi kunciphise amaphutha abantu. Lobu buchwepheshe abugcini nje ngokwenza lula inqubo yokuphathwa kwempahla, kodwa futhi buthuthukisa amakhono okulandelela kanye nokuhlonza imikhiqizo, bunikeze isixazululo esinokwethenjelwa nesisebenza kahle kakhulu sebhizinisi lokuqasha.

Ukuphathwa kwephakheji yendiza

Ukuphathwa kwephakeji yendiza iyindawo ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-RFID. Imboni yezokundiza emhlabeni wonke ikhokha imali efika ku-$2.5 billion unyaka ngamunye ngemithwalo elahlekile nebambezelekile. Ukuze kubhekwane nale nkinga, izinkampani zezindiza eziningi zisebenzisa i-wireless radio frequency identification systems (RFID) ukuze ziqinise ukulandela umkhondo, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokudluliswa kwemithwalo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukuphathwa kwezokuphepha futhi zigweme ukwenzeka kokulethwa kabi. Amathegi kagesi e-RFID angavele ahlanganiswe kumathegi emithwalo akhona, amaphrinta okungena namathuluzi okuhlunga imithwalo ukuze kuthwetshulwe ngokuzenzakalela imithwalo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abagibeli nemithwalo elayishiwe bafika lapho beya khona ngokuphepha nangesikhathi.

Ukukhiqiza

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wokukhiqiza. Okokuqala, ingafinyelela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwedatha yokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonakala nokulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza. Okwesibili, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungasetshenziselwa ukulandelela ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo iyalawuleka kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kusukela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kuya emikhiqizweni yokugcina. Ekugcineni, ngobuchwepheshe be-RFID, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezizenzakalelayo zingafinyelelwa, ezingathuthukisi nje ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba namaphutha omuntu. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zenza ubuchwepheshe be-RFID ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile emkhakheni wokukhiqiza.